Taw qhia
Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub no sai sai - hloov kho lub ntiaj teb digital, cov thev naus laus zis khaws cia ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab kev ua tau zoo, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no, eMMC (Embedded MultiMediaCard) tau dhau los ua cov kev daws teeb meem dav dav, tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom siv txawb, cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov tshuab kos. Tsim los ua ib qho kev sib cog lus thiab tus nqi- kev daws teeb meem zoo, eMMC muab qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov nrawm, muaj peev xwm, thiab pheej yig.
eMMC yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom siv uas qhov chaw muaj tsawg, kev siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg, thiab kev ntseeg siab yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis zoo li SSDs lossis HDDs ib txwm muaj, eMMC muab ob qho tib si lub cim xeeb flash thiab cov maub los rau hauv ib pob, muab ib qho yooj yim - rau - siv, tus qauv interface rau cov neeg tsim qauv.
Kab lus no muab cov lus qhia dav dav rau cov kws tshaj lij thev naus laus zis kom nkag siab txog eMMC thev naus laus zis. Peb yuav tshawb xyuas cov qauv ntawm eMMC, nws cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, kev siv tau zoo, thiab kev txiav txim siab rau xaiv txoj cai eMMC kev daws teeb meem rau ntau yam khoom siv. Thaum kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm no, cov neeg nyeem yuav tau txais kev nkag siab ntxaws txog yuav ua li cas eMMC ua haujlwm, nws qhov zoo thiab kev txwv, thiab nws lub luag haujlwm hloov pauv hauv kev suav niaj hnub no.
1. Nkag siab txog eMMC Technology
1.1 eMMC yog dab tsi?
eMMC, lossis Embedded MultiMediaCard, yog ib hom embedded flash cia uas ua ke NAND flash nco thiab flash nco maub los rau hauv ib pob kev sib xyaw. Tsis zoo li cov npav nco tau tshem tau lossis ib leeg SSDs, eMMC yog soldered ncaj qha mus rau lub cuab yeej motherboard, muab cov kev daws teeb meem thiab txhim khu kev qha.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm eMMC yog nws qhov yooj yim. Cov tswj kev sib xyaw ua ke tswj hwm lub cim xeeb flash, tuav cov haujlwm xws li hnav qib, kho qhov yuam kev, thiab kev tswj tsis zoo. Qhov kev tsim no txo qhov nyuaj rau cov neeg tsim qauv, raws li cov cuab yeej pom eMMC ua tus qauv cia khoom nrog tsawg kawg yuav tsum tau teeb tsa.
Piv rau lwm cov cuab yeej khaws cia, eMMC txawv ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. SSDs feem ntau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua, zoo dua random nyeem / sau nrawm, thiab cov yam ntxwv siab dua xws li TRIM thiab kev ua siab ntev dua. Txawm li cas los xij, SSDs loj dua, kim dua, thiab tej zaum yuav xav tau ntau qhov sib cuam tshuam. UFS, lossis Universal Flash Storage, muab kev nrawm dua thiab cov yam ntxwv siab dua rau cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis eMMC tseem nrov rau tus nqi -rhiab lossis qis-rau- nruab nrab- cov khoom siv vim nws pheej yig thiab kev ua haujlwm txaus.
1.2 Cov Cheebtsam tseem ceeb ntawm eMMC
Lub architecture ntawm eMMC muaj peb yam tseem ceeb. Thawj yog NAND flash nco, uas ua haujlwm raws li lub cev khaws cia nruab nrab uas cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia. Niaj hnub no eMMC feem ntau siv Multi-Level Cell (MLC) lossis Triple-Level Cell (TLC) NAND flash. Txhua hom NAND muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev ua siab ntev, thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus nqi. Qhov thib ob tivthaiv yog tus maub los, uas yog kev koom ua ke hauv pob eMMC thiab tswj txhua qhov kev cuam tshuam nrog NAND nco. Tus maub los tuav cov kev coj ua theem, kev khaws cov khib nyiab, kev kho qhov yuam kev, thiab kev tswj hwm thaiv tsis zoo, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam thiab ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov cuab yeej cia. Qhov thib peb tivthaiv yog lub interface, uas siv tus txheej txheem raws tu qauv uas tau teev tseg los ntawm JEDEC, lub koom haum Electron Device Engineering Council. Cov qauv no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog eMMC modules ntseeg tau, txhawb ntau hom kev ceev xws li HS200 thiab HS400 uas tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv siab tshaj plaws.
1.3 Yuav ua li cas eMMC ua haujlwm
Lub eMMC maub los ua tus intermediary ntawm tus tswv system, feem ntau yog CPU, thiab NAND flash nco. Thaum CPU thov cov ntaub ntawv, tus maub los nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hauv NAND lub cim xeeb, kho txhua qhov yuam kev uas siv ua - hauv ECC (Yuav Kho Cov Cai), thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv rov qab rau CPU. Thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv, tus maub los xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub ntawv raug faib sib npaug thoob plaws NAND hlwb los ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws, tiv thaiv hnav ntxov ntxov. Tus maub los kuj tseem tswj cov blocks tsis zoo, hloov qhov chaw nco tsis tau nrog cov khoom seem kom tswj tau cov ntaub ntawv ncaj ncees. eMMC's architecture tso cai rau cov khoom siv khau raj ncaj qha los ntawm kev nco, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, IoT li, thiab lwm yam embedded systems. Nws cov txheej txheem hais kom ua yooj yim rau kev sib koom ua ke, tso cai rau cov tuam txhab lag luam tsom mus rau kev tsim khoom siv ntau dua li kev tswj hwm kev cia.
2. eMMC Performance thiab ceev
2.1 Cov yam ntxwv ceev
eMMC kev ua tau zoo yog ntsuas feem ntau hauv kev nyeem / sau thiab nyeem / sau nrawm. Kev ua tau zoo sib xws ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem nyeem lossis sau, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, hloov cov ntaub ntawv loj, thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm khau raj. Random kev ua tau zoo ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm kev nyeem ntawv lossis sau ntawv me me, cov ntaub ntawv tawg. Random nyeem / sau nrawm cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv thov teb, ua haujlwm ntau, thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv database.
eMMC txhawb ntau qib ceev uas tau teev tseg los ntawm JEDEC. HS200 hom sawv cev rau qib siab - hom nrawm nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws hloov pauv ntawm 200 MB / s, thaum HS400 hom ua ob npaug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi tshaj HS200, ua tiav txog 400 MB / s. HS400 feem ntau txwv rau cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis nws qhia txog qhov kev txwv siab tshaj ntawm eMMC thev naus laus zis. Thaum eMMC tsis nrawm npaum li SSDs lossis UFS, nws muab kev ua tau zoo txaus rau ntau yam ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov ntawv sau.
2.2 Kev sib piv nrog lwm cov cuab yeej cia
To taub yuav ua li cas eMMC piv rau lwm hom kev cia yuav pab xaiv txoj kev daws teeb meem. UFS, piv txwv li, txhawb nqa tag nrho - kev sib txuas lus duplex, tso cai rau kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ib txhij ua haujlwm, siab dua IOPS, thiab qis dua latency, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau flagship smartphones thiab siab - cov khoom ua tau zoo. Piv nrog rau SSDs, eMMC muab cov kev sib txuas qis dua thiab qis dua, muaj peev xwm me dua, thiab tsawg dua qhov kev ua siab ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yog tus nqi - kev xaiv zoo rau cov cuab yeej siv nyiaj txiag, muab kev ceev txaus rau cov neeg siv khoom siv feem ntau yam tsis muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm SSD lossis UFS cov kev daws teeb meem.
2.3 Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau eMMC kev ua tau zoo
Ntau yam cuam tshuam rau eMMC kev ua haujlwm. Hom NAND siv tau muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha; SLC (Ib leeg-Level Cell) NAND muaj kev ua siab ntev thiab nrawm tab sis ntawm tus nqi siab dua, thaum MLC thiab TLC muaj peev xwm loj dua ntawm tus nqi qis nrog kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab. Tswj kev ua haujlwm tau zoo ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab; ib tug zoo-tsim maub los optimizes cov ntaub ntawv hloov lwm lub tsev, hnav leveling, thiab kev ua yuam kev. Firmware optimization cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo vim nws tswj cov khib nyiab thiab ECC algorithms. Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tseem cuam tshuam rau eMMC kev ua tau zoo, raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib hloov pauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv me me ua haujlwm nyuaj rau lub cim xeeb sib txawv. Thaum kawg, thermal tej yam kev mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev ua tau zoo los tiv thaiv overheating, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj feem xyuam rau compact mobile thiab embedded li.
3. eMMC Siv Cases
3.1 Mobile Devices
eMMC tau siv dav hauv cov xov tooj smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab nkag mus- qib khoom siv vim nws qhov loj me, siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab kev ua haujlwm txaus. Nws ua haujlwm raws li qhov tseem ceeb cia rau lub operating system thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, thaum tseem ua haujlwm rau kev khaws cia rau cov ntawv thov thiab xov xwm. Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm eMMC tso cai rau cov tuam txhab tsim cov nqi- cov khoom siv tau zoo yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau nruab nrab -ntau thiab pob nyiaj siv khoom siv.
3.2 Embedded Systems
Embedded systems kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm eMMC vim nws kev koom ua ke thiab kev ntseeg tau. Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT) cov khoom siv, xws li sensors, cov khoom siv ntse, thiab cov khoom siv, feem ntau siv eMMC los khaws firmware thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Automotive electronics, suav nrog infotainment systems, telematics, thiab advanced drivers -pab system, cia siab rau eMMC rau tus nqi- khaws cia zoo. Cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li TVs ntse, koob yees duab digital, thiab cov gaming portable consoles kuj koom nrog eMMC los muab cov kev daws teeb meem txhim khu kev qha, compact cia haum rau ib puag ncig embedded.
3.3 Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam
Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam feem ntau xav tau rugged thiab txhim khu kev cia cia, thiab eMMC zoo - haum rau cov kev xav tau no. Cov koos pij tawj, cov cuab yeej siv tes tuav, thiab cov tswj hwm kev lag luam siv eMMC rau kev khaws cov khoom ruaj khov thiab tiag - lub sijhawm sau cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj-qib eMMC modules feem ntau muab qhov ntev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias siab dua, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav. Lawv cov qauv tsim ua ke ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem tsim qauv thaum muab kev ua haujlwm txaus thiab kev ntseeg siab rau lub hom phiaj- cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.
4. Xaiv txoj cai eMMC
4.1 Kev txiav txim siab muaj peev xwm
eMMC muaj peev xwm feem ntau yog los ntawm 8GB txog 128GB, nrog lub peev xwm siab dua txhawb kev siv ntau dua thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj dua yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Kev xaiv lub peev xwm tsim nyog suav nrog kev ntsuas qhov loj me ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov ntsiab lus multimedia, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xav tau kev loj hlob ntawm lub cuab yeej lub neej. Xaiv lub peev xwm uas tsawg dhau yuav txwv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej, thaum lub peev xwm loj heev tuaj yeem nce nqi yam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
4.2 Kev ua tau zoo thiab qib ceev
Xaiv cov qib eMMC ceev uas tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog. Nkag mus- cov khoom siv qib feem ntau ua tau zoo nrog HS200 modules, uas muaj cov kev nyeem / sau nrawm nrawm. Cov khoom siv nruab nrab-ntau yam yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm HS200 lossis HS400, uas ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dua thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv thov. Siab-kev ua tau zoo hauv cov tshuab lossis cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem siv HS400 kom ua tiav nyob ze -UFS kev ua tau zoo rau cov ntawv thov.
4.3 Kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ua siab ntev
Kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ua siab ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev lag luam thiab cov ntawv sau. Metrics xws li Terabytes Written (TBW) qhia txog kev cia siab rau lub neej raws li kev sau ntawv ua haujlwm, thiab siab -kev ua siab ntev eMMC ua kom muaj kev ntseeg tau ntev - lub sij hawm rau cov khoom siv uas nquag sau, xws li cov ntaub ntawv loggers. Kev kam rau siab kub kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb, raws li kev lag luam -qib eMMC modules yuav tsum ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav thaum tswj kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam. Xaiv txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub peev xwm, nrawm, thiab kev ua siab ntev ua kom lub cuab yeej ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev xav tau.
5. Yav tom ntej Trends nyob rau hauv eMMC Technology
Cov qauv tshiab eMMC, xws li eMMC 5.1, muab cov kev hloov pauv siab tshaj plaws txog li 400 MB / s, hais kom queuing rau kev txhim kho ntau txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, thiab txhim kho kev tswj hwm lub zog rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias UFS tau txais yuav ntau dua hauv cov khoom siv hwm vim tias muaj kev nrawm dua thiab qis dua latency, eMMC tseem ua tus thawj coj tus nqi - kev lag luam thiab cov ntawv thov uas yooj yim thiab kev ntseeg tau yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Txawm tias siab dua -kev ua tau zoo cia lwm txoj kev tshwm sim, eMMC tseem cuam tshuam rau cov nyiaj txiag smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, IoT li, wearables, thiab industrial embedded systems uas qhov chaw, hwj chim, thiab nqi yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab. Nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib cog lus thiab tus nqi- cov khoom siv tau yooj yim ua kom ntseeg tau tias eMMC tseem yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb thev naus laus zis rau ntau xyoo.
Xaus
eMMC thev naus laus zis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no, muab kev cog lus, tus nqi - zoo, thiab kev cia siab rau ntau yam kev siv. Nkag siab txog nws cov qauv tsim, cov yam ntxwv nrawm, thiab cov teeb meem siv tswv yim ua rau cov kws tshaj lij thev naus laus zis los txiav txim siab paub thaum tsim lossis hloov kho cov khoom siv.
Thaum eMMC tsis phim qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm SSDs lossis UFS, nws muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm kev pheej yig, yooj yim, thiab kev ua tau zoo txaus, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv txawb, cov tshuab kos, thiab cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo xaiv eMMC muaj peev xwm, qib ceev, thiab qib siab, cov neeg tsim qauv tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ua tau zoo thaum ua tau raws li cov khoom txwv thiab cov nqi yuav tsum tau ua. Saib rau pem hauv ntej, eMMC yuav txuas ntxiv los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv kev cog lus thiab tus nqi- cov khoom siv rhiab heev. Kev paub txog eMMC cov qauv, kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, thiab cov qauv tshiab tso cai rau cov kws tshaj lij thev naus laus zis los siv cov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau txhua daim ntawv thov.